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Page date 17 October 2011 |
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icehouse oasthouse |
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illinium rhenium
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"Illinium" not in dictionary,
I have based this outline on "alone" |
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illness wellness |
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ill-wisher well-wisher |
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impassioned impatient
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incessant unceasing |
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incisors scissors |
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indefinite
undefined
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indigent intelligent |
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"Intelligent" is a
contraction |
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inevitable
unavoidable |
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inform notify
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"Inform" is a
contraction. Vowel in "notify" advised. Suggestion: advanced
writers might consider lowering the outline so that the
halved En is on the line. |
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information notion
opinion |
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ingenious ingenuous
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ingenious =
inventive ingenuous = sincere,
open |
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ingot nugget |
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inhuman inhumane |
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Vowel. See also
"human, humane" on
List2 |
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inner near |
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innocent insane |
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innovation invasion |
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Vowel |
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innovators inventors |
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The singular forms
are easy to differentiate, but the plurals need care to form
each Circle correctly. |
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insistent unsustained |
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interjection introjection
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interpolate interpret |
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interruption intrusion |
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ion iron |
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Ireland island |
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iridium radium rubidium
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island land mount |
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issues issues shows |
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The second
pronunciation of issues could be mistaken for shows |
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jailer jeweller
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Vowel |
January June
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joined joint |
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Same outline for
both words. Suggestion: Use
stroke Tee instead of halving for joint (not orthodox
theory), and insert the
vowel to prevent confusion with "agent" |
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knees nose |
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Vowel |
know note
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Don't join "note" in phrases. |
knows influences
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knuckle ankle |
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lacerated ulcerated |
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lady lad |
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large rather
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last lost
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Vowel
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late old later older latter |
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launderette laundry |
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Some people
pronounce "launderette" as
"laundri-et" |
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lawyer liar |
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layman laymen |
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Vowel.
The second syllable often gets equal emphasis. Mostly used in the
singular, therefore vocalise only the plural. |
learnt/learned learnèd
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Suggestion: "Learnt" is unusual
nowadays, but you could indicate it by using a disjoined
stroke Tee instead of halving, or intersecting a Tee as a
reminder (not orthodox theory).
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legal illegal
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Repeat the stroke
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legible illegible
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Repeat the stroke
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lend/lent loaned |
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liberty particular
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library laboratory
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liqueur liquor |
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"liqueur" =
sweetened alcoholic cordial, accent on 2nd syllable, choice
of outlines according to pronunciation.
"liquor" = alcoholic drink, accent on 1st syllable |
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lithely lively lovely |
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live move
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loathe love
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lots masses
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madly moodily |
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Vowels help but not
essential |
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marauder martyr murder |
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may might
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Don't join "might"
in phrases |
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members press |
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"Members" is a
short form, therefore "press" is the one that can take the
vowel |
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meteorology metrology |
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meteorology =
science of atmosphere
metrology = science of measurement
All other metro- words use halved M, including metric.
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ministry monastery
minister |
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"Ministry" is a contraction, therefore goes on the
line
(Note: outline for "ministry" has been
corrected) |
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mink monkey |
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Vowel |
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minute month |
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misquote
mistake mistook |
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Other derivatives
follow "mistake", but "mistook" has the
Tee to distinguish the past
tense – quicker than putting in a vowel sign. |
moderate (adjective)
moderate (verb)
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Adding vowel helps |
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monarch monarchy |
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Vowel |
moral morality
mortal mortality |
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Mrs Messrs Misses
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Messrs is the
plural of Mr e.g. Messrs Green and Brown (instead of Mr
Green and Mr Brown. It was the norm in past years, but not
used so much now |
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music-hall musical |
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nearest next
honest newest
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neon onion
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Vowel |
noble
knowable notable
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See also
"enjoyable
knowledgeable"
DO List2 |
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noisy uneasy
noisily noisiness
uneasily uneasiness |
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Only "noisy uneasy"
need distinguishing. The derivatives, although different,
still benefit from added vowel signs.
See also "honestly nicely"
DO List2 |
note-taking
undertaking |
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nowadays, in the past
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nuclear unclear |
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opener pioneer |
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operation oppression
portion
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operator porter
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oppose pass
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Vowel
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oppressor pursuer |
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orator rioter
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ordinance ordnance |
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ordinance = orders
ordnance = artillery |
original regional
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outer true |
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outermost
uttermost utmost |
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Outermost =
farthest from the centre
Uttermost & utmost = to the greatest degree
See also "upmost" on
DO List 4 |
out-house
tea house |
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overall overly |
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"Overall" has full
stroke Ell and not short form for "all" as it is always
preferable to avoid a penlift, plus it may require a plural
when used as a noun. |
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overhaul uphold |
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parasol parcel |
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parson person |
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partner part-owner |
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passionate patient
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pattern patron |
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paddle boat
pedal boat |
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peerless perilous
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perfect provoked |
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perish pursue |
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permit promote
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Vowel
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persecute prosecute
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Persia Prussia
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Note that the placement of first
place dot follows
direction of stroke Ish/Zhee |
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perspicacity perspicuity |
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pervade provide pervasion
provision |
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petrify putrefy
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pettiness pittance
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phosphate
phosphite
phosphorate phosphorite
phosphorus |
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phosphorate/ite: the R Hook on the Eff is
small and awkward – exaggerat it so that the Circle S turns into a loop shape. You might
prefer to ignore the dictionary and use a halved Ray.
All chemical terms need extra study and
care, as many are distinguished only by vowels, and T/D e.g.
sulphite (halving), sulphide (stroke D). |
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pilaster plaster
upholster
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pilastered upholstered
upholstery plastered |
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Vowel helpful but
not essential. |
platinum plutonium
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pleasant pleasing
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See also "complacent
complaisant"
DO List1 |
poor poorer pure
purer
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See also "beerhouse
poorhouse" DO
List1 |
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porthole port-toll |
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prefer proffer |
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premier première
primary |
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pretend portend |
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principal/principle upper |
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principal =
adjective
principle = nounThe Principal
= the principal person in the college, i.e. the head. |
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producer purchaser predecessor |
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professing prophesying |
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prophesy = verb,
pronounced "-sigh"
prophecy = noun, pronounced "-see" |
prominent permanent pre-eminent
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pronouncement
pronunciation |
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The "m" in "-ment"
is omitted. See also announcement and renouncement |
property propriety
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propose purpose |
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