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SECTION 3  Contractions - Optional

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SECTION 3 LISTS

Short Forms

SF Intro

SF List 1

SF List 2

SF List 3

SF List 4

Contractions

Contractions Intro

Contractions Main

Contractions Optional

Phrasing

1 Phrasing Intro & Contents list

2 Phrasing Theory

3 Phrasing Theory

4 Omission Part words

5 Omission Whole words

6 Miscellaneous

7 Miscellaneous

8 Intersections

Distinguishing Outlines

DO Intro

DO 1 Vowel

DO 2 Rule

DO 3 Care A-B

DO 4 Care C-D

DO 5 Care E-N

DO 6 Care O-Z

Vocabulary

Vocab Intro

Numbers

Punctuation

Word Lists

Non-English Sounds

Bible

Text Lists from PDFs

Shorthand Books

Shorthand Dictionaries


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The shorthand dictionary gives some words that have a choice of full outline or optional contraction/alternative version. I have found no shorthand book that lists all these words and the following has been prepared by searching every page of the large shorthand dictionary.

Included in the list are some single stroke outlines which are better described as optional short forms, and some, being vocalised as normal, are alternative outlines rather than contractions. The list is mostly in alphabetical order but I have grouped some similar ones together. All the variations that use the contraction are given, but other derivatives are not, except for a few illustrative examples.

Sir Isaac Pitman intended his shorthand to suit a variety of uses, from the leisurely writing of diaries and letters to the faster writing of reporters and office workers. In those early days of shorthand, many short forms and contractions were given as alternatives to the full forms, to enable reporters to speed up. Since then, speed has become the main goal and many of the contractions became the standard outline, with the full forms being dropped from the dictionaries. Others contractions fell from use and their full outlines are now standard. In the last version of the large dictionary (1974) there remain some that still have a choice of outlines and these are given here.

It is not necessary to know all of these, but those for the commoner words are very well worth adopting. Providing you are at a comfortable place in your knowledge of shorthand, there is no reason to hang on to a longer version of an outline. Some are more specialised, and a few are obviously relics of topics prevalent in the 19th century when they were first created. Even these can be educational by observing their formation and applying the same methods to create new contractions for your particular line of work. Your own creations should always be recorded in a notebook and only adopted after very careful consideration as to possible clashes – not advised for beginners. Efforts to recall an obscure seldom-used contraction will produce hesitation rather than speed.

Contraction outlines are in black ink, full outlines are in blue ink. The omitted part is shown in red text. Words represented by the same contraction are separated by a forward slash. Those marked with asterisk * have related outlines on the Contractions Main page.

Just like the Main Contractions, the suffix -ing is generally represented by a dot (even when the alternative full outline has stroke Ing), but those few contractions using the stroke are illustrated in the list.

Several placenames are given the end of the list.

I recommend the following as immediately useful as soon as your knowledge of shorthand theory covers them:

businessman, development, electronic, extraordinarily, extraordinary, Great Britain, greatest, longest, New York, New York City, percent, possibility, question, strongest, unfortunate, unfortunately, United Kingdom, United States, United States of America, worthwhile, youngest, quarter, question

Amendments 16 July 2013: Several discrepancies have been found in the largest 1974 red dictionary, in comparison with the dictionaries produced before and after it, and so the outlines here have been corrected (see also Contractions Main page):

These should be in 2nd position on the line:
horticulture/al, horticulturist, hypothecate/d, inauspicious, inauspiciously, indescribable/ly, jurisprudence, machinery, scornful, scornfully, significancy, unscriptural, vice-chairman.

abnormality

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction

ad valorem

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

affidavit

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

agriculture/agricultural

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

agriculturist

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outlines required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

agriculturalist agricultor

antagonism/antagonist/antagonistic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

antitrinitarian

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

applicable

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

arbitrament*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

archbishop

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

archbishopric

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

archiepiscopacy

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

architective*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

aristocratic/aristocracy

Pitman's New Era: aristocracy aristocratic

astonish/astonished/astonishment

Pitman's New Era Shorthand
Safe for the noun "astonishment". Ensure the En is written clearly full length, to differentiate from "astound"

astonishing

Pitman's New Era Shorthand
 

astonishingly

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

astringency*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

atonement*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Contraction is the same as attainment (Theory 20 Suffixes page)

aurora borealis

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

auspicious

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

auspiciously

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

inauspicious


Pitman's New Era Shorthand

inauspiciously

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

bandstand

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction

banknote

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

baptise/baptised/

Baptist/baptism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

rebaptise/rebaptised/rebaptism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

beforehand

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction

Using short form "hand"

benevolence/benevolent

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

benevolently

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

benignant/benignity

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

benignantly

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

bondsman

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare with these full outlines:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

bondman bondwoman bondmaid

brotherhood

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

burdensome

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

burdensomeness

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

overburdensome

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "over"

businessman, businesswoman

 

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Write the contraction clearly through the line, so that it does not look like "busman" or "postman"

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

cabinet

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Calvinism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

captain

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

captainship

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

In the full outline, the Ish is disjoined so that it does not look like the suffix "-cy":

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

captaincy

casual

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outlines required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

casually casuals (= a type of shoe)

Catholic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Roman Catholic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

charter-party

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Chiltern Hundreds

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

chloroform

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Pronunciation of the first vowel may vary

Christian/Christianity

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

clearing house

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

"Clearing" on its own has dot ing, as per normal rules

Cobdenism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

controversy/controversial

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The full outline for "ConTROversy" with the accent on the second syllable would be above the line with a first place dash vowel

"Controversialist" is a full outline

co-religionist

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

cosmopolitanism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

counterclaim

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

"Counter" on its own as per normal rules:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

counter

covenant*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Care needed with the Kay, keeping it thin, as these outlines are similar to govern and government

declaration

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

defendant

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

delinquency

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

delinquent

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

democracy/democratic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

undemocratic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

depreciate/depreciated

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

depreciatory

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

descriptive*

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

descriptively

dessertspoonful

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Keep the Ray short, otherwise the contraction will look like "disrespectful"

development

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The dictionary outline for the verb "develop" is in full only, but using the above contraction for that word presents no problem

dignify/dignified/dignity

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indignity

undignified

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare indignant below

dilapidate/dilapidated/
dilap
idation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

discontentment*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

See also contentment (Contractions Main page)

dissimilar

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

divergency

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Pronunciation of the first vowel may vary: "dyve-" or "divv-

doctrine

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

doctrinaire

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

doctrinal

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Pronunciation of the second vowel may vary:
"doc-try-nal"

drunkenness

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

dyspepsia/dyspeptic

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The full version of dyspepsia should always have the final diphone written in, to differentiate from "dyspepsy"

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

dyspepsy

ecclesiastic/ecclesiastical/
eccles
iastically

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

"Ecclesiastes" (Bible book) is a full outline, but the contraction would be useful for noting Bible reference numbers

electron*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

electronic*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

embankment

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

enthronement/enthronement

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction.

The first version seems to be more reliable, as the second one is very similar to "enthroning" which has the same meaning:

Pitman's New Era: enthroning

enthroning

episcopal/episcopalian/episcopalianism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Esperanto

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

evangelical

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The pronunciation of the first syllable may vary: "eev-"

exchanger*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

expectation*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

expeditiously*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for "expeditious"

extemporaneous

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

extemporaneously

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

extraordinary

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

extraordinarily

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

extravagance/extravagant

/extravagantly

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

favourable/favorable

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for "unfavourably/unfavorably"

Compare:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

verbal verbally

favourably/favorably

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

finality

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction

foundation-stone

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

fugitive

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

fulgency

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Pronunciation of the first vowel may vary - when rhyming with "full", write the dash through the end of the Eff and outline in 3rd position

generation Pitman's New Era Shorthand

In phrasing, "J-Shun" can also be used to signify "objection"

degeneration

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

regeneration

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

ginger

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

governor*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

vice-governor

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

governor-general

Using short form

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

governorship

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

grand-juror

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Ensure the two Rays are long and clear, to prevent confusion with "grand-jury"

grand-jury

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Advisable to insert the final dot

greatest

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using the short form "great"

habeas corpus

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

haphazard

Pitman's New Era Shorthand
"haphazardly" is a full outline, but using the contraction with a joined upward Ell would work just as well

harbinger

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

henceforth*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

See henceforward (Contractions Main page)

thenceforth*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

See thenceforward (Contractions Main page)

high-pressure

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand
Some older dictionaries retain the I diphthong after the Hay on the contraction

horticulture/horticultural

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

horticultor

horticulturist

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

hypothecate/hypothecated

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The full outline for "hypothecate" does not use a halved Kay because the angle with the Ith would be insufficient for it to be clear

imperialism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

See also Methodism which is similar

impregnable/impregnably

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indefatigable/indefatigably

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indescribable/indescribably

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indignant/indignation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare undignified above

indignantly

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indiscriminate

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indiscriminately

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indoctrinate

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indoctrinated

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

indoctrination

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

inflationary

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

disinflationary

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

infinitesimal Pitman's New Era Shorthand

inspector-general

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "general". Full outline required for "inspector" (Contractions Main page)

insularity

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction - dictionary is missing the initial dot on the first version

intelligencer*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

intelligential*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

intelligibility*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

intemperance

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

ironmaster*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

See also ironmonger (Contractions Main page)

ironmould*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction

journalism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

journalist

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

journalistic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

jurisprudence*

 

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for "jurisprudent"

juxtaposition

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for "juxtapose"

lance-corporal

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

"Corporal" is the contracted part, therefore "lance" keeps its vowel sign

landmark

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

life assurance

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The intersection for "insurance" is En+Circle S

locomotive

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

longest

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

longitude

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

lordship

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Combination of short form "lord" and contracted suffix "ship"

machinery

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

malignant/malignancy

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

malignantly

man-of-war

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

melancholy

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

melancholia

merchantman

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

sergeant-major

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Methodism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

See also "imperialism" which is similar

microscopic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

millionth

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Not recommended, although given as above in the biggest dictionary. The stroke Em is used for "million" when written with numerals, and you cannot add an Ith because that is used for "thousand"

mineralogy

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

misdemeanour

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

motherhood

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

mother-of-pearl

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

mythology

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

neighbourhood/neighborhood

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Keep the halved BR stroke short, so it does not look like "neighbour/neighbor"

nitrogen

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Always insert the first vowel in the outline for "antigen" and keep clearly above the line

non-commissioned officer

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

nonconformist

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

nonconformity

Pitman's New Era Shorthandy

obnoxious

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

obnoxiously

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

obscurity

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

observation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

orthodox/orthodoxy

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

parallelogram

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

parliamentarian*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

particularise

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The short form "particular" is written above the line

particularised

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

particularising

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

particularism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "particular"

percent

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The contraction is written close to the preceding numeral. Full outline is used after a preceding outline, whether that is a word or a number

philanthropic/philanthropy

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

philanthropist

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

phonographer

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

phonographic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Contraction not recommended, as it could be confused with the similar outline “phonic” which is now in use:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

phonic

phonography

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

plenipotentiary

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

possibility

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

practitioner*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

preferential/preferentially

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

"Preference" uses N Hook/Circle S

Presbyterian/Presbyterianism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

preservation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

priesthood

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The full outline omits the lightly-sounded T

Privy Council

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

projection*

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Protestantism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The vowel sign for the "e" cannot be shown in the vocalised outline, as there is nowhere to place it

publican*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

pungency

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

qualification

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare "cultivation" which is similar and best to insert the vowel through the Kay for clarity:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

cultivation

quarter

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

quartering

See also Vocabulary Numbers/quarter for a brief method when used with numerals

question*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Full outline required for:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

questioning questioningly

question-mark

 

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

quotation-marks

 

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

recognizance

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The pronunciation can be either "recog-" or "recon-" and is related to the word recognise. The latter pronunciation is identical to "reconnaissance" below:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

recognise reconnoitre reconnaissance

recognizance = a legal obligation

reconnoitre reconnaissance = carry out a preliminary geographical or military survey.

referring

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

reformation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

See also reform (Contractions Main page)

registrar

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

religion

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative short form, not contraction

religious

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative short form, not contraction

religiously

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative short form, not contraction

repugnant/repugnance

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

repugnantly

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

requesting*

 

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Pitman's New Era Shorthand

resignation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

resurrection

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

reverend

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The contraction is for "reverend" but the full outline also represents "reverent"

revivalism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Saviour/saviour

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

saver

scornful

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

scorn is written with Hook N

scornfully

Pitman's New Era: scornfully

scripture

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative short form, not contraction

scriptural

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

unscriptural

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The contraction is shown incorrectly on the line in the 1974 dictionary

antiscriptural

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

search-party

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

ship-builder

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

significancy

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The contraction is shown incorrectly through the line in the 1974 dictionary

solicitor-general

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "general"

stag-party

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

stenographer

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

stenography

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

stepping-stone

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

"Stepping" on its own uses dot ing

stock-in-trade

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "trade"

strongest

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative outline, not contraction. Unlike "longest", the dictionary shows a vowel in both versions

stumbling-block

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

subjectivism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

 

subjectivity

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

superscribe/superscribed

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare subscribe/d on Contractions Main page

superscription

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare subscription on Contractions Main page

surreptitious

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

surreptitiously

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

suspicious*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

suspiciously

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

unsuspicious

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

unsuspiciously

 

Top of page

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

tabernacle

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

testatrix

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

third-party

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

thumb-mark

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

tidemark

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

tinsmith

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

In the full outline, note the Circle S is inside the Em, as it belongs with that syllable.

town-council

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

townsman

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

In the full outline, note the Circle S is inside the En, as it belongs with that syllable.

trademark

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction
Using short form "trade"

transatlantic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

transform/transformed

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

transformation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Compare "transfer" which omits the N:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

transfer transferrer

transformer

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

transubstantiate/transubstantiation

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The full outline also omits the N

transubstantiated

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

A Dee may be written to any contraction or short form if felt necessary to increase clarity, but this appears to be the only word where it is part of the dictionary outline. Other contractions are perfectly legible without it. Adding the stroke is not part of normal theory (unlike Pitman 2000 which does use it regularly).

tribunal

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

unconstitutional/unconstitutionally

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

under-secretary

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "under"

unfortunate

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Same outline as "phenomena"

unfortunately

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

phenomena

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Same outline as "unfortunate"

See also inconvenient (Contractions Main page) which is similar

phenomenon

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Union Jack

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

unionism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

unionist

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

trades-unionism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "trade"

Compare:

Pitman's New Era Shorthand
trade-union trades-union

Pitman's New Era Shorthand
trade-unionism union

unrealizable

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

urgency*

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

utilitarianism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

vegetarian

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

vegetarianism

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

vice-chairman

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

vice versa

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

watermark

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

way-mark

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

The full outline uses the R hook rather than Ray, in order to achieve a better join with the Way.

worthwhile

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

youngest

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form

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Placenames:

 

Antarctic

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Birmingham Pitman's New Era Shorthand

British version: omits the H sound
US version: use Dot Hay

Ensure you keep the two Ems, as in UK locals sometimes refer to their city as "Brum", from "Brummagem" the alternative name used in that area.

Great Britain

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Using short form "great"

Jodrell Bank

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Alternative intersection, not contraction

(=Jodrell Bank Astrophysics Centre, UK)

Johannesburg

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

"Jo'burg" would be a full outline

San Francisco

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

The abbreviation " 'Cisco " would be just the last part of the full outline

Liverpool

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Middlesex

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

New York

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

New York City

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Transylvania

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

United Kingdom

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Use only when the words are spoken in full

United States

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Use only when the words are spoken in full

United States of America

Pitman's New Era Shorthand

Use only when the words are spoken in full

The full outline phrase omits "of"

 

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"Whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable – if anything is excellent or praiseworthy – think about such things." (Philippians 4:8)

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