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PAGE DATE 30 April 2012
Sounds/syllables/words omitted from a phrase are underlined
2.
Change of form:
(f) R Forms
(g) L Forms
(h) H Forms
(i) W Forms
(j) Imp
(k) Non-use of Short Forms
(f) R
forms
R can be represented by
Ray, Ar or R Hook, and may change from the form used in the basic
outline:
were =
we were, they were, these were, if it were, if any were
war = world war, man-of-war/man o' war
or = one or more, two or more, at or about
compare on or about, out
and about
See also
Phrasing 5 Omission/or
Sir = Sir Christopher, Sir Charles, Sir David, Sir James
dare = I dare not, I dare say
door = out of doors
Note also:
outdoor, indoor
appear, appeared = it would appear, to appear, he appears, it appears
that, they appeared
power = power down, power tools
also
power-house,
power-station, power-point/Powerpoint
which are compound words
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(g) L forms
L can be
represented by upward Ell, downward Ell or L Hook. In a
phrase, an outline with upward Ell may change to downward to
achieve a better join:
else less = anything else, nothing is less*, less than, any
less than, not**
less than
*See also
Phrasing 6/Essential Vowels/else less
**Insert the vowel in "not" or write it separately
longer = it is no
longer, any longer,
no longer than
elsewhere = where else, somewhere else
anywhere else,
nowhere else,
everywhere else
like =
anything like, nothing like, something like
I would like, I would
like to know
let = let us, let us say, let us see, let us know, please let us
know, let us have, let you have
last, letter
= your letter, your last letter, this letter, in our last letter
line =
in line, for this line
compare
clothesline
will =
he will, they will, you will, this will
sale,
old =
for sale, this sale, years old
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(h) H forms
H can often be
safely omitted from common words in a phrase:
hope
= I hope, we
hope that, we hoped that, let us hope that, would hope, we would hope
home
= at home, at home and abroad*,
at home and overseas*
*These two do not need the vowel, as they have
more information in them
house
= of the house,
by the house,
in the house, for the house, lower house*
*Dot Hay and vowel shown for reference
in this house*,
upper house, custom house "housing" is clearer in full:
in the housing market
*Large Circle used to represent two
small circles, compare "Theory
12 Hay/clotheshorse"
history
= for the
history, in the history of the
happen
= it has
happened, what has happened, would happen*,
would have been**
*Dot Hay and vowel shown for
reference. **See also
Phrasing 2/have been
freehold, leasehold = freehold property,
freehold land, leasehold premises
Tick omitted:
hear hardly = hear hear,
there is hardly
whom = from whom (insert vowel)
compare from me, from him
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(i) W forms
W can be represented by
Way, Wel or W Semicircle or omitted:
was = this was, that was, never was, if it was, another was
were =
nor were they, when were/when we are,
if that were
W Semicircle omitted:
such were, such as were,
you were, if he were, if he were not, who were
as it were, which were, there were, those which were, how were, I wish there were
"what were" needs both outlines in full,
because if you left out the second semicircle sign, the
phrase would be identical to "were":
what, were = what were also I
know what were
Omitting the hook on Wel:
will = I will, you will, if he will,
they will, she will
as it will be, such
will, such as will be, for it will have, if it will, that will not
those will, this will, these will, this will not, as long as will
But the hook joins well
in:
we will,
where will, and will, anything will, something will be
Do not use the plain
Ell for the noun
"will" (both meanings: force of mind, and legal document)
or the verb (meaning to bequeath):
Their will to succeed is very strong. If you will him the house, he will be
glad.
This Will is not signed. Their Will was in the drawer.
Only exception: last Will and
Testament Vowel helpful
The noun Will, referring to the legal document,
is often written with a capital letter to prevent misreading and
misunderstanding.
well = very well*, it may well be,
it may very well be, he may well be
*Vowel advised, see
Phrasing 6/Distinguishing pairs/well
low ill
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you may well, you may as well, it is well known, so well
Always insert the vowel if it helps
war = of thewar, throughout the
war, during the war, before the war, civil war
wear = evening wear
compare
knitwear sportswear
wire = this wire, live wire, earth wire
word = any word, no word, many words, in his own words,
few words
following words, in those words, in
these words, Holy Word, God's Word
world = this world, another/in their world, civilised world
all the world, in the world/any world, all
over the world
work = of the work*, for the
work, with the works, this work
*Vowel shown for reference
worse = any worse, no worse, no worse
than
worth, worthy = not worth, it is worth, local worthies
to be worth, worthwhile, be worthwhile, not worthwhile
With, when, what, would:
with the, with us/his, with you, with me,
with it, with which, with them, with their
when the, when is/has the, when do/had*, when they, when that, when
you, when he, when we, when would
*If necessary, you can indicate that it is "had" by inserting Dot Hay
and the A vowel, see Phrasing 7/had
not
what the, what is/his/has, what is/has the, what is/has
your, what you/what would, what can, what had, what do, what have/whatever
would the, would you, would
he, would be, would it, would she, would have
it would, which would, you would, he would, she would, I
would, we would, they would
Kway is usually used for K+W spoken together,
but is useful to extend the short form "can":
can we, can we have, can we follow, can we say,
can we please, can we permit
likewise*
likewise (non-dictionary alternative) compare
lukewarm*
*These two are the dictionary outlines
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(j) Imp
In the following, Imp is used for M+P and M+B even
though the
sounds are in different syllables:
for
some time past, for some considerable time past
compare
tempest, lamp-post
legislative assembly =
legislative assembly
(k) Non-use of short form
Where the original short form outline does
not join:
called = so-called*,
was called, what is called
compare
miscalled
*Vowel helpful
first = first rate, at first sight, at first,
at first hand
compare first
hand, first class, first quality
from = from the first, from
first to last
hand either other = on the other hand, on either hand
compare on their own, they
are not
our = in our OR
nor, in our way, in our opinion, it is in our
interests
in our world, in our reply, in our hands
are = they are, and they are, for they are*,
if they are*
*See also
Phrasing 6/Distinguishing pairs/if for
"Much" in some phrases is written with the stroke Em
to enable it to join:
much = so much, how much,
to/too much, was as much, there is much, very much
Compare so large, how large,
very large
more = much more, much more
than,
very much more than, so much more than
herewith = enclose herewith,
I have enclosed herewith, send herewith
These are safer with the W vowel
shown, to distinguish from "them", but still quicker than separate outlines.
what = I know what, have what we can, that is what, somewhat*
*Vowels shown but not
essential. This is semicircle W for "wo-" vowel, rather
than the short form "what", note also the Dot Hay against it.
would = we would, I would,
this would, some would, many would, if it would
was = this was, if it was,
I think it was the, why was the
word = this word/would, these words, several words, in other/in
their
words, many words
my own words, in our own words,
satisfactory words
year = this year*, many years, New Year, another year
*This awkward change of direction is avoided
wherever possible, and not used in basic outlines, but there is no choice in
this phrase and it is still quicker than
separate outlines.
yard = many yards, several
yards, back yard, coal yard
Use the short form if it joins well:
two yards/words,
three yards/words, hundred yards/words
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